Thyroid Cancer correlation with food mutagens

In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has rapidly increased worldwide. Thyroid cancer incidence is relatively high in regions where the population's daily iodine intake is insufficient. This article reviews the role of food mutagens in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis for thyroid cancer; it also discusses how to evaluate the effects of food mutagens. The consumption of goitrogenic food, such as cruciferous vegetables, showed a positive association with risk. The relationship between acrylamide, N-nitroso compounds, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Alcohol intake and thyroid cancer has been the subject of many studies. Digestion, absorption, metabolism and excretion of fat deposits require oxidative metabolism, which create free radicals capable of causing DNA damage. When considering the human diet, it should be recognized that foods contain both mutagens and components that decrease cancer risk such as antioxidants. Thus nutritionally related cancers ultimately develop from an imbalance of carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The best way to assess nutritional risks is through biomarkers, but there is no single biomarker that has been sufficiently validated. This review reports the association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk. Iodine-rich food such as fish and shellfish may provide a protective role in populations with insufficient daily iodine intake. Regular use of multivitamins and dietary nitrate and nitrite also showed a positive association with thyroid cancer risk.